What is a hysterectomy?

Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat a variety of gynecological conditions and is defined as the surgical removal of the uterus. Depending on the reason for the surgery, it may also include the removal of other organs and tissues, such as the ovaries and/or fallopian tubes.

There are different types of hysterectomy:

• Total Hysterectomy, in which the entire uterus is removed
• Subtotal Hysterectomy in which only the body of the uterus is removed and the cervix remains.
• In a total hysterectomy, the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and both ovaries are removed along with the appendages.
• Radical Hysterectomy, in which the entire uterus and parametria are removed.

Why is a hysterectomy performed?

Hysterectomy may be needed in cases such as:

• heavy or unusual bleeding
• uterine prolapse
• precancerous lesions of the cervix, endometrium
• abnormal vaginal bleeding that is not controlled by other treatment methods.
• severe endometriosis
• uterine fibroids
• adenomyosis
• chronic pelvic pain
• uterine prolapse which can lead to urinary incontinence or difficulty in bowel movements.
• cancer of the uterus, ovaries, or endometrium

Are there alternatives to hysterectomy?

Yes. Hysterectomy is only one way to treat problems that affect the uterus. For some conditions, however, hysterectomy may be the best option. 

How will I feel after the hysterectomy?

After a hysterectomy, your periods will stop. Occasionally, you may feel bloated and have symptoms similar to a period. It is normal to have light vaginal bleeding for about four to six weeks after surgery.

If your ovaries were removed with your uterus before menopause, you may experience symptoms that often occur with menopause, such as hot flashes, which may be treated with:  hormone replacement therapy

ADDITIONAL DETAILS

Does hysterectomy affect sexual function?

A woman's sexual function is usually not affected after a hysterectomy, and her sexual desire is not changed. Only if the ovaries were removed with the uterus before menopause, may a decreased sex drive occur and vaginal dryness be a problem during intercourse. However, estrogen therapy can relieve vaginal dryness and other hormone-related effects.