What is cervical dysplasia?

Cervical dysplasia is a condition in which healthy cells in the cervix develop structural changes. It is important to remember that the majority of people with cervical dysplasia do not develop cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix usually develops over a long period of time. giving the doctor time to intervene and remove the affected areas. 

What are the symptoms of cervical dysplasia?

There are usually no symptoms. The abnormal cells are detected with a routine Pap test.

What is the cause of cervical malformations?

In the majority of cases, the person responsible is the human papillomavirus (HPV) which is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. In many cases, the immune system itself will clear and control the virus. There are over 100 strains of HPV, and certain strains, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are more likely to cause cervical dysplasia.

 Other risk factors include:

• age 
• smoking 
• use of immunosuppressive drugs
• changing sexual partners
• HIV infection

How is cervical dysplasia diagnosed?

Since cervical dysplasia is usually asymptomatic, a Pap smear is required to detect abnormal cells. A Pap smear with atypical or dysplastic cells is followed by mapping of cervical and vaginal lesions with colposcopy. DNA typing of the virus is usually requested and a biopsy of suspicious lesions may be required.

How is cervical dysplasia treated?

Treatment will depend on several factors, including the severity of the dysplasia, the patient's age, her obstetric history, and her general health.

• In the case of low-grade dysplasia (LGSIL), treatment is usually not required. In most cases, the lesion is contained by the body and monitoring the patient with a Pap test and colposcopy every six months is sufficient.

• In the case of moderate and high-grade dysplasia (HGSIL) or persistent infection, treatment consists of removing the pathological areas that may develop into cancer.

Cervical treatment procedures may affect a woman's ability to have children, so it is a good idea to discuss the various options with your gynecologist.