What is folic acid?

Folic acid (or folate) belongs to the B group of water-soluble vitamins. These dissolve in water and do not require fat for their absorption. Specifically, it is vitamin B9. 

Folic acid is found in foods, especially green leafy vegetables. Researchers discovered the importance of folic acid in preventing anemia about 70 years ago. However, it is only in recent years that folic acid deficiency has been linked to certain birth defects.

Why is folic acid important?

Most people have heard about the importance of folic acid for women of childbearing age. Getting enough folic acid can reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). It is important to take folic acid before you get pregnant and during the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent these central nervous system and spinal tube defects.

What is the role of folic acid in preventing birth defects?

The critical period of fetal organogenesis occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant.

One of the first structures to form is the neural tube.

In folic acid deficiency, the cells of this structure cannot form and develop properly, and the spine, skull, and brain may be affected.

What are the sources of folic acid?

Folic acid is contained in many foods, such as leafy green vegetables, legumes and fruits (oranges, bananas, melons and berries). 

How much folic acid is recommended for women of reproductive age?

Women who are planning to become pregnant should take a supplement containing between 400mcg and 800mcg of folic acid daily. Because some women will need extra folic acid, it is important to talk to your OB/GYN about the amount that is right for you.