What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a variety of physical or emotional symptoms that many women may experience in the days before their period starts. The symptoms usually stop once their period starts. 

What causes premenstrual syndrome?

The cause of premenstrual syndrome is unclear. It is likely related to hormonal fluctuations in the body. 

What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?

Symptoms may be slightly different for each woman. The following are the most common symptoms.

• abdominal swelling
• constipation or diarrhea
• headache
• breast tenderness
• sudden mood swings
• difficulty sleeping
• feelings of anxiety, tension, or irritability
• poor memory and concentration problems
• loss of sexual desire 
• acne

The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome may resemble other conditions or medical problems, so it is essential to talk to your doctor about the diagnosis.

How is premenstrual syndrome diagnosed?

There is no specific physical or laboratory test that can reliably diagnose the syndrome. However, in order to rule out other causes of the symptoms, it is important to provide:

• Complete medical history
• Clinical (and gynecological) examination

The best way to confirm is to record symptoms in a diary format for several months to assess the severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms.

How is premenstrual syndrome treated?

Based on your age, overall health, symptoms, and other factors, the best treatment for you is recommended.

Lifestyle changes and sometimes nutritional supplements and medications can help manage symptoms.